Oien
Internet
The Base
In order to understand, read at least some RFCs on IPv4, DNS, BGP, TCP.
http://rfc-editor.org -- how the protocolls work (most is not in the network tho)
http://www.ripe.net -- the actual topology in europe
http://dast.nlanr.net/Projects/Iperf -- measure your part of it
Services
Most services are based on HTTP, at least as a starting point for serviced users.
SIP is an emerging protocol for any communication setup, see
guide to the SIP standard texts. Finally, here are some practical sites.
http://flickr.com -- manage/present your photos